ASTM D 3551-2002 用机械搅拌器在实验室中制备土壤-石灰石混合物的标准实施规程
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforLaboratoryPreparationofSoil-LimeMixturesUsingaMechanicalMixer
【原文标准名称】:用机械搅拌器在实验室中制备土壤-石灰石混合物的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD3551-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:施工材料;土壤;石灰
【英文主题词】:lime;constructionmaterials;soils
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:用机械搅拌器在实验室中制备土壤-石灰石混合物的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD3551-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:施工材料;土壤;石灰
【英文主题词】:lime;constructionmaterials;soils
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:Industrialcommunicationnetworks-Fieldbusspecifications-Part3-8:Data-linklayerservicedefinition-Type8elements(IEC61158-3-8:2007);EnglishversionEN61158-3-8:2008,onlyonCD-ROM
【原文标准名称】:工业通信网络.现场总线规范.第3-8部分:数据链层服务定义.8型元件
【标准号】:DINEN61158-3-8-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-09
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据通信;数据链层;数据连接系统;数据处理;数据服务;数据传送;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;英语;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;联络母线;接口(数据处理);链路层;开放系统互连;OSI;过程控制;过程控制工程;过程控制系统;信号;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Datacommunication;Datalinklayers;Datalinksystem;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;INTERBUS;Interbus;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Linklayers;Opensystemsinterconnection;OSI;Processcontrol;Processcontrolengineering;Processcontrolsystems;Signals;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:1.1OverviewThispartofIEC61158providescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweendevicesinanautomationenvironment.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.ThisstandarddefinesinanabstractwaytheexternallyvisibleserviceprovidedbytheType8fieldbusdata-linklayerintermsofa)theprimitiveactionsandeventsoftheservice;b)theparametersassociatedwitheachprimitiveactionandevent,andtheformwhichtheytake;andc)theinterrelationshipbetweentheseactionsandevents,andtheirvalidsequences.Thepurposeofthisstandardistodefinetheservicesprovidedto?theType8fieldbusapplicationlayerattheboundarybetweentheapplicationanddata-linklayersofthefieldbusreferencemodel,and?systemsmanagementattheboundarybetweenthedata-linklayerandsystemsmanagementofthefieldbusreferencemodel.1.2SpecificationsTheprincipalobjectiveofthisstandardistospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualdata-linklayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofdata-linkprotocolsfortime-criticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ThisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalDL-Programming-Interfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.1.3ConformanceThisstandarddoesnotspecifyindividualimplementationsorproducts,nordoesitconstraintheimplementationsofdata-linkentitieswithinindustrialautomationsystems.Thereisnoconformanceofequipmenttothisdata-linklayerservicedefinitionstandard.Instead,conformanceisachievedthroughimplementationofthecorrespondingdata-linkprotocolthatfulfillstheType8data-linklayerservicesdefinedinthisstandard.
【中国标准分类号】:N18;P76
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_20;35_160;35_240_50
【页数】:36P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodtoDetermineMeltingTemperatureofSyntheticFibers
【原文标准名称】:确定合成纤维熔融温度标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7138-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.51
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:differentialscanningcalorimetry;melting;syntheticfibers;Differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC);Melting;Syntheticfabrics;Textilefibers
【摘要】:Eitherofthesetwotestmethodsisusedtodeterminethetemperatureatwhichasyntheticfiberspecimenchangesfromasolidtoaliquid-likestate.Syntheticfibersmaybeeitheramorphousorsemi-crystallinethermoplasticsorthermosets.Syntheticfibersmaychangefromthesolidtoaliquid-likestateonheatingbecauseoftheglasstransitionofamorphouspolymers,themeltingofcrystallineregionsofsemi-crystallinepolymers,orattheonsetofdegradation.Thermoplasticfibersconsistofcrystallineandamorphousregionsandmaybemanufacturedwitharangeofmolecularweights.Theamorphousandcrystallinefiberstructureandvariablemolecularweightcanleadtoameltingtemperaturerangeinsteadofadiscreetmeltingpoint(seeTableX1.1).Thistestmethodisconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments.Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwoormorelaboratories,performcomparativetestingtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,usethesamplesforsuchacomparativetestthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingandrandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratory.Comparethetestresultsfromthelaboratoriesinvolvedusingastatisticaltestforunpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.Thistestmethodissuitableforqualitycontroltestingofsyntheticfibersandproductcomparisonsofdifferentfibersbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Ifthetestmethodisusedtoidentifyfibermaterialtype,itisimportanttotestaknownreferencematerialatthesamelaboratorywiththesametestmethodtoconfirmthefiberidentification.Inaddition,sincesomefibertypeshavesimilarmeltingtemperaturesoroverlappingmeltingtemperaturerangesasshowinTableX1.1,secondarymethodsforfiberidentificationasdescribedinTestMethodsD276willberequiredtomakefiberidentifications.1.1Eitheroftwotestmethodsareusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofthermoplasticfibers,yarns,orthreads.1.2Method1canbeusedtodeterminemeltingtemperaturesforblendsofmultiplefibermaterialtypes.Method2canonlybeusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofasinglefibermaterialtype.1.2.1Method1,DifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC),measureschangesinheatcapacityandwilldetecttheglasstransition,thecrystallinemeltingandendothermicthermaldegradation.1.2.2Method2,avisualdeterminationofmelting,determinesanychangethatvisuallyappearsasatransitionfromasolidtoaliquidstate.1.2.3Duetothedifferencesinwhateachtestmethodmeasures,theresultsfromMethod1andMethod2cannotbecompared.1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorotherunitsaretoberegardedseparately.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlywithoutcombiningvalues.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:W50
【国际标准分类号】:59_060_20
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:工业通信网络.现场总线规范.第3-8部分:数据链层服务定义.8型元件
【标准号】:DINEN61158-3-8-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-09
【实施或试行日期】:2008-09-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:总线系统;总线;电路网络;通信;控制设备;控制系统;控制工艺学;数据通信;数据链层;数据连接系统;数据处理;数据服务;数据传送;定义;数字的;数字数据;数字工程;电子数据处理;电气工程;电子仪器;电子系统;英语;现场总线;制导系统;工业的;工业设施;信息交换;信息处理;信息技术;联络母线;接口(数据处理);链路层;开放系统互连;OSI;过程控制;过程控制工程;过程控制系统;信号;规范;规范(验收);传输媒质
【英文主题词】:Bussystems;Buses(dataprocessing);Circuitnetworks;Communication;Controlequipment;Controlsystems;Controltechnology;Datacommunication;Datalinklayers;Datalinksystem;Dataprocessing;Dataservices;Datatransfer;Definition;Definitions;Digital;Digitaldata;Digitalengineering;EDP;Electricalengineering;Electronicinstruments;Electronicsystems;Englishlanguage;Fieldbus;Guidancesystems;Industrial;Industrialfacilities;Informationinterchange;Informationprocessing;Informationtechnology;INTERBUS;Interbus;Interfaces(dataprocessing);Linklayers;Opensystemsinterconnection;OSI;Processcontrol;Processcontrolengineering;Processcontrolsystems;Signals;Specification;Specification(approval);Transmissionmedia
【摘要】:1.1OverviewThispartofIEC61158providescommonelementsforbasictime-criticalmessagingcommunicationsbetweendevicesinanautomationenvironment.Theterm“time-critical”isusedtorepresentthepresenceofatime-window,withinwhichoneormorespecifiedactionsarerequiredtobecompletedwithsomedefinedlevelofcertainty.Failuretocompletespecifiedactionswithinthetimewindowrisksfailureoftheapplicationsrequestingtheactions,withattendantrisktoequipment,plantandpossiblyhumanlife.ThisstandarddefinesinanabstractwaytheexternallyvisibleserviceprovidedbytheType8fieldbusdata-linklayerintermsofa)theprimitiveactionsandeventsoftheservice;b)theparametersassociatedwitheachprimitiveactionandevent,andtheformwhichtheytake;andc)theinterrelationshipbetweentheseactionsandevents,andtheirvalidsequences.Thepurposeofthisstandardistodefinetheservicesprovidedto?theType8fieldbusapplicationlayerattheboundarybetweentheapplicationanddata-linklayersofthefieldbusreferencemodel,and?systemsmanagementattheboundarybetweenthedata-linklayerandsystemsmanagementofthefieldbusreferencemodel.1.2SpecificationsTheprincipalobjectiveofthisstandardistospecifythecharacteristicsofconceptualdata-linklayerservicessuitablefortime-criticalcommunications,andthussupplementtheOSIBasicReferenceModelinguidingthedevelopmentofdata-linkprotocolsfortime-criticalcommunications.Asecondaryobjectiveistoprovidemigrationpathsfrompreviously-existingindustrialcommunicationsprotocols.ThisspecificationmaybeusedasthebasisforformalDL-Programming-Interfaces.Nevertheless,itisnotaformalprogramminginterface,andanysuchinterfacewillneedtoaddressimplementationissuesnotcoveredbythisspecification,includinga)thesizesandoctetorderingofvariousmulti-octetserviceparameters,andb)thecorrelationofpairedrequestandconfirm,orindicationandresponse,primitives.1.3ConformanceThisstandarddoesnotspecifyindividualimplementationsorproducts,nordoesitconstraintheimplementationsofdata-linkentitieswithinindustrialautomationsystems.Thereisnoconformanceofequipmenttothisdata-linklayerservicedefinitionstandard.Instead,conformanceisachievedthroughimplementationofthecorrespondingdata-linkprotocolthatfulfillstheType8data-linklayerservicesdefinedinthisstandard.
【中国标准分类号】:N18;P76
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_20;35_160;35_240_50
【页数】:36P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodtoDetermineMeltingTemperatureofSyntheticFibers
【原文标准名称】:确定合成纤维熔融温度标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7138-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.51
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:differentialscanningcalorimetry;melting;syntheticfibers;Differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC);Melting;Syntheticfabrics;Textilefibers
【摘要】:Eitherofthesetwotestmethodsisusedtodeterminethetemperatureatwhichasyntheticfiberspecimenchangesfromasolidtoaliquid-likestate.Syntheticfibersmaybeeitheramorphousorsemi-crystallinethermoplasticsorthermosets.Syntheticfibersmaychangefromthesolidtoaliquid-likestateonheatingbecauseoftheglasstransitionofamorphouspolymers,themeltingofcrystallineregionsofsemi-crystallinepolymers,orattheonsetofdegradation.Thermoplasticfibersconsistofcrystallineandamorphousregionsandmaybemanufacturedwitharangeofmolecularweights.Theamorphousandcrystallinefiberstructureandvariablemolecularweightcanleadtoameltingtemperaturerangeinsteadofadiscreetmeltingpoint(seeTableX1.1).Thistestmethodisconsideredsatisfactoryforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments.Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenreportedtestresultsfortwoormorelaboratories,performcomparativetestingtodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,usethesamplesforsuchacomparativetestthatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparateresultsduringinitialtestingandrandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratory.Comparethetestresultsfromthelaboratoriesinvolvedusingastatisticaltestforunpaireddata,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.Thistestmethodissuitableforqualitycontroltestingofsyntheticfibersandproductcomparisonsofdifferentfibersbymanufacturers,retailers,andusers.Ifthetestmethodisusedtoidentifyfibermaterialtype,itisimportanttotestaknownreferencematerialatthesamelaboratorywiththesametestmethodtoconfirmthefiberidentification.Inaddition,sincesomefibertypeshavesimilarmeltingtemperaturesoroverlappingmeltingtemperaturerangesasshowinTableX1.1,secondarymethodsforfiberidentificationasdescribedinTestMethodsD276willberequiredtomakefiberidentifications.1.1Eitheroftwotestmethodsareusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofthermoplasticfibers,yarns,orthreads.1.2Method1canbeusedtodeterminemeltingtemperaturesforblendsofmultiplefibermaterialtypes.Method2canonlybeusedtodeterminethemeltingtemperatureofasinglefibermaterialtype.1.2.1Method1,DifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC),measureschangesinheatcapacityandwilldetecttheglasstransition,thecrystallinemeltingandendothermicthermaldegradation.1.2.2Method2,avisualdeterminationofmelting,determinesanychangethatvisuallyappearsasatransitionfromasolidtoaliquidstate.1.2.3Duetothedifferencesinwhateachtestmethodmeasures,theresultsfromMethod1andMethod2cannotbecompared.1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorotherunitsaretoberegardedseparately.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlywithoutcombiningvalues.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:W50
【国际标准分类号】:59_060_20
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
